Fishing for Identity: Mercury Contamination and Fish Consumption Among Indigenous Groups in the United States

Mercury contamination of local fish stocks has become an escalating problem in the United States. Federal and state governments increasingly have issued fish consumption advisories to warn individuals of the risks of eating specific species of fish in particular quantities from individual bodies of water. Some indigenous groups in the United States who rely on these fisheries for subsistence and ritual cultural reasons have become disproportionately impacted by the risks of mercury contamination of their food source. Some of these groups are forced to make a decision whether to continue their cultural life ways and become exposed to mercury or to stop eating fish and witness the degradation of their identity. This article explores the unique conditions of cultural fishing practices among Native American groups in the United States and their disproportionate risk to mercury contamination. Spatial analysis using the geographical information systems software is accompanied by two case studies to explore the risks faced by indigenous communities.